Hot Content Directory South Africa: September 2016

Thursday, 29 September 2016

Limonata

Limonata may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Limonata

Magnesium Carbonate

Magnesium Carbonate is reported as an ingredient of Limonata in the following countries:

Greece

International Drug Name Search

Ethambutol Milve

Ethambutol Milve may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Ethambutol Milve

Ethambutol

Ethambutol dihydrochloride (a derivative of Ethambutol) is reported as an ingredient of Ethambutol Milve in the following countries:

Bulgaria

International Drug Name Search

Wednesday, 28 September 2016

Ulsal

Ulsal may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Ulsal

Ranitidine

Ranitidine hydrochloride (a derivative of Ranitidine) is reported as an ingredient of Ulsal in the following countries:

Austria

International Drug Name Search

Benicar HCT

In the US, Benicar HCT (hydrochlorothiazide/olmesartan systemic) is a member of the drug class antihypertensive combinations and is used to treat High Blood Pressure.

US matches:

Benicar HCT

Ingredient matches for Benicar HCT

Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide is reported as an ingredient of Benicar HCT in the following countries:

United States

Olmesartan

Olmesartan Medoxomil is reported as an ingredient of Benicar HCT in the following countries:

United States

International Drug Name Search

Dintoina

Dintoina may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dintoina

Phenytoin

Phenytoin sodium salt (a derivative of Phenytoin) is reported as an ingredient of Dintoina in the following countries:

Italy

International Drug Name Search

Valprodura

Valprodura may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Valprodura

Valproic Acid

Valproic Acid sodium (a derivative of Valproic Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Valprodura in the following countries:

Germany

International Drug Name Search

Serviclor

Serviclor may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Serviclor

Cefaclor

Cefaclor monohydrate (a derivative of Cefaclor) is reported as an ingredient of Serviclor in the following countries:

Czech Republic

Mexico

International Drug Name Search

Tuesday, 27 September 2016

Exterol

Exterol may be available in the countries listed below.

UK matches:

Exterol 5% w/w Ear Drops, Solution (SPC)

Ingredient matches for Exterol

Urea

Urea peroxyde (a derivative of Urea) is reported as an ingredient of Exterol in the following countries:

Ireland

Israel

United Kingdom

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

SPC

Summary of Product Characteristics (UK)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Dicodin

Dicodin may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dicodin

Dihydrocodeine

Dihydrocodeine tartrate (a derivative of Dihydrocodeine) is reported as an ingredient of Dicodin in the following countries:

France

International Drug Name Search

Oxid De Zinc

Oxid De Zinc may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Oxid De Zinc

Zinc Oxide

Zinc Oxide is reported as an ingredient of Oxid De Zinc in the following countries:

Turkey

International Drug Name Search

Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets

Pronunciation: GRIS-ee-oh-FUL-vin
Generic Name: Griseofulvin
Brand Name: Gris-PEG

Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets are used for:

Treating certain fungal infections (eg, ringworm) of the hair, skin, and nails. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets are an antifungal agent. It works by making the skin more resistant to fungal growth.

Do NOT use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets

you have liver failure or the blood disease porphyria

you are pregnant

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets:

Some medical conditions may interact with Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, severe rash, hives, difficulty breathing, dizziness) to a penicillin antibiotic (eg, amoxicillin)

if you have liver disease or lupus

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

Barbiturates (eg, phenobarbital) because they may decrease Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets's effectiveness

Anticoagulants (eg, warfarin), cabazitaxel, cyclosporine, oral contraceptives (birth control pills), or ulipristal because their effectiveness may be decreased by Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets:

Use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets by mouth with or without food.

Swallow Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets whole.

You may also crush Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets and sprinkle it onto 1 tablespoonful of applesauce. Mix the medicine with the applesauce and swallow the mixture right away without chewing.

To clear up your infection completely, take Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets for the full course of treatment. Keep taking it even if you feel better in a few days.

If you miss a dose of Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets.

Important safety information:

Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets may cause dizziness. This effect may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.

Be sure to take Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets for the full course of treatment. If you do not, the medicine may not clear up your infection completely. The fungus could also become less sensitive to this or other medicines. This could make the infection harder to treat in the future.

Do not drink alcohol while you are taking Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets.

Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.

It is important to practice good hygiene during and after use to prevent reinfection.

Hormonal birth control (eg, birth control pills) may not work as well while you are using Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets. To prevent pregnancy, use an extra form of birth control (eg, condoms).

Lab tests, including complete blood cell counts, liver function, and kidney function, may be performed while you use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 3 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Do not take Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets if you are pregnant. Avoid becoming pregnant while you are taking it. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor right away. It is not known if Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets are found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Diarrhea; dizziness; headache; nausea; stomach upset; tiredness; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); butterfly-shaped rash on the face; confusion; fever, chills, or sore-throat; flu-like symptoms (eg, headache, joint pain); mental or mood changes; numbness, burning, or tingling of the hands or feet; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; symptoms of liver problems (dark urine, pale stools, severe or persistent stomach pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes); white patches in the mouth.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Griseofulvin side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets:

Store Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets are to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More Griseofulvin resources

Griseofulvin Side Effects (in more detail)
Griseofulvin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Griseofulvin Drug Interactions
Griseofulvin Support Group
5 Reviews for Griseofulvin - Add your own review/rating

Compare Griseofulvin with other medications

Dermatophytosis
Onychomycosis, Fingernail
Onychomycosis, Toenail
Tinea Barbae
Tinea Capitis
Tinea Corporis
Tinea Cruris
Tinea Pedis

Dinoprost Tromethamine

Ingredient matches for Dinoprost Tromethamine

Dinoprost

Dinoprost Tromethamine (USAN) is also known as Dinoprost (Rec.INN)

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)
USAN	United States Adopted Name

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Dihydrocodeine

UK matches:

Dihydrocodeine Tablets 30mg (Actavis UK Ltd)
Dihydrocodeine tablets 30mg Label Leaflet
Dihydrocodeine 30mg tablets (SPC)
Dihydrocodeine Tablets BP 30mg (SPC)

Scheme

Rec.INN

ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification)

N02AA08

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

0000125-28-0

Chemical Formula

C18-H23-N-O3

Molecular Weight

301

Therapeutic Categories

Cough suppressant

Opioid analgesic

Chemical Name

Morphinan-6-ol, 4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5α,6α)-

Foreign Names

Dihydrocodeinum (Latin)
Dihydrocodein (German)
Dihydrocodéine (French)
Dihidrocodeina (Spanish)

Generic Names

Dihydrocodeine (OS: BAN)
Dihydrocodéine (OS: DCF)
Diidrocodeina (OS: DCIT)
Drocode (IS)
Dihydrocodeine methyl ether hydrochloride (IS)
Dihydrocodeine Tartrate (OS: BANM)
Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate (IS)
Dihydrocodeine hydrogenotartras (IS)
Hydrocodeine bitartrate (IS)
Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate (PH: USP 32)
Dihydrocodeine Hydrogen Tartrate (PH: Ph. Eur. 6)
Dihydrocodeine Tartrate (PH: BP 2010)
Dihydrocodeini hydrogenotartras (PH: Ph. Eur. 6)
Dihydrocodeine hydrorhodanide (IS)
Paracodin rhodrad (IS)

Brand Names

Cardiazol Paracodina (Dihydrocodeine and Pentetrazol)
Abbott, Italy

Coughcode N (Dihydrocodeine and Diprophylline)
Mylan Pharmaceutical, Japan

Sekicode (Dihydrocodeine and Ephedrine)
Dainippon Sumitomo, Japan

Makatussin Comp. (Dihydrocodeine and Diphenhydramine)
Gebro, Switzerland

Codicontin
Mundipharma, Belgium; Mundipharma, Switzerland; Mundipharma, Luxembourg

Codidol
Mundipharma, Austria

Dehace
Lannacher, Austria

DF 118
Galen, Ireland; GlaxoSmithKline, Hong Kong; GlaxoSmithKline, Malaysia; Martindale Pharma, United Kingdom

DF-118
Aspen Pharmacare, South Africa

DHC Continus
Bard, Bulgaria; Medis, Slovenia; Mundipharma, Bulgaria; Mundipharma, Bulgaria; Mundipharma, Czech Republic; Mundipharma, Estonia; Mundipharma, Hungary; Mundipharma, Latvia; Mundipharma, New Zealand; Mundipharma, Romania; Mundipharma, Slovakia; Napp, United Kingdom; Napp, Ireland; Napp, Malta; Norpharma, Poland

DHC Mundipharma
Mundipharma, Germany

Dicodin
Mundipharma, France

Didor
Mundipharma, Portugal

Dihidrocodeina La Santé
La Santé, Colombia

Dihydrocodeine
Actavis, United Kingdom; CP, Malta; Generics, Malta; Remedica, Cyprus; Wockhardt, United Kingdom

Hydrocodin
Valeant, Hungary

Paracodin
Abbott, Yemen; Abbott, South Africa; Teofarma, Austria; Teofarma, Germany; Teofarma, Ireland

Paracodina
Legrand, Colombia; Teofarma, Spain

Paracodine
Pharma Logistics, Belgium

Paramol (Dihydrocodeine and Paracetamol)
Galen, Ireland

Remedeine (Dihydrocodeine and Paracetamol)
Napp, United Kingdom

Rikodeine
iNova Pharmaceuticals, Australia

Tiamon
Temmler, Germany

Tosidrin
Fardi, Spain

Paracodin
Teofarma, Austria; Teofarma, Switzerland; Teofarma, Germany

Paracodina
Teofarma, Italy

Paracodina (Dihydrocodeine and Benzoic Acid)
Teofarma, Italy

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

BAN	British Approved Name
BANM	British Approved Name (Modified)
DCF	Dénomination Commune Française
DCIT	Denominazione Comune Italiana
IS	Inofficial Synonym
OS	Official Synonym
PH	Pharmacopoeia Name
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)
SPC	Summary of Product Characteristics (UK)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Pyregesic-C

Generic Name: acetaminophen and codeine (Oral route)

a-seet-a-MIN-oh-fen, KOE-deen FOS-fate

Oral route(Tablet)

Acetaminophen has been associated with cases of acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death. Most of the cases of liver injury are associated with the use of acetaminophen at doses that exceed 4000 mg/day, and often involve more than one acetaminophen-containing product .

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

APAP w/Codeine

Capital w/Codeine

Pyregesic-C

Tylenol w/Codeine

Tylenol w/Codeine #3

Tylenol w/Codeine #4

Tylenol with Codeine No. 3

Vopac

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Capsule

Elixir

Suspension

Solution

Therapeutic Class: Opioid/Acetaminophen Combination

Chemical Class: Codeine

Uses For Pyregesic-C

Acetaminophen and codeine oral suspension is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. The oral tablets are used to relieve mild to moderately severe pain.

Acetaminophen is used to relieve pain and reduce fever in patients. It does not become habit-forming when taken for a long time. But acetaminophen may cause other unwanted effects when taken in large doses, including liver damage.

Codeine belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.

When codeine is used for a long time, it may become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. However, people who have continuing pain should not let the fear of dependence keep them from using narcotics to relieve their pain. Mental dependence (addiction) is not likely to occur when narcotics are used for this purpose. Physical dependence may lead to withdrawal side effects if treatment is stopped suddenly. However, severe withdrawal side effects can usually be prevented by gradually reducing the dose over a period of time before treatment is stopped completely.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using Pyregesic-C

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of acetaminophen and codeine oral suspension in children younger than 3 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of acetaminophen and codeine tablets in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric

No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of acetaminophen and codeine combination in geriatric patients.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

Naltrexone

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Adinazolam

Alfentanil

Alprazolam

Amobarbital

Anileridine

Aprobarbital

Bromazepam

Brotizolam

Buprenorphine

Butabarbital

Butalbital

Butorphanol

Carisoprodol

Chloral Hydrate

Chlordiazepoxide

Chlorzoxazone

Clobazam

Clonazepam

Clorazepate

Codeine

Dantrolene

Dezocine

Diazepam

Estazolam

Ethchlorvynol

Fentanyl

Flunitrazepam

Flurazepam

Halazepam

Hydrocodone

Hydromorphone

Ketazolam

Levorphanol

Lorazepam

Lormetazepam

Medazepam

Meperidine

Mephenesin

Mephobarbital

Meprobamate

Metaxalone

Methocarbamol

Methohexital

Midazolam

Morphine

Morphine Sulfate Liposome

Nalbuphine

Nitrazepam

Nordazepam

Opium

Oxazepam

Oxycodone

Oxymorphone

Pentazocine

Pentobarbital

Phenobarbital

Prazepam

Propoxyphene

Quazepam

Remifentanil

Secobarbital

Sodium Oxybate

Sufentanil

Tapentadol

Temazepam

Thiopental

Triazolam

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Acenocoumarol

Carbamazepine

Isoniazid

Phenytoin

Warfarin

Zidovudine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following is usually not recommended, but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use this medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Ethanol

Using this medicine with any of the following may cause an increased risk of certain side effects but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use this medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Cabbage

Ethanol

Proper Use of acetaminophen and codeine

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain acetaminophen and codeine. It may not be specific to Pyregesic-C. Please read with care.

Take this medicine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. This is especially important for elderly patients, who may be more sensitive to the effects of pain medicines. If too much of this medicine is taken for a long time, it may become habit-forming (causing mental or physical dependence) or cause an overdose. Large amounts of acetaminophen may cause liver damage.

Shake the oral suspension well before each use. Measure the medicine with a marked measuring spoon, oral syringe, or medicine cup. The average household teaspoon may not hold the right amount of liquid.

This combination medicine contains acetaminophen (Tylenol®). Carefully check the labels of all other medicines you are using, because they may also contain acetaminophen. It is not safe to use more than 4 grams (4,000 milligrams) of acetaminophen in one day (24 hours).

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For oral dosage form (suspension):
- For mild to moderate pain:
  - Adults—15 milliliters (mL) or 1 tablespoonful every 4 hours as needed.
  - Children 7 to 12 years of age—10 mL (2 teaspoonfuls) 3 or 4 times per day.
  - Children 3 to 6 years of age—5 mL (1 teaspoonful) 3 or 4 times per day.
  - Children younger than 3 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For mild to moderately severe pain:
  - Adults—15 to 60 milligrams (mg) of codeine and 300 to 1000 mg of acetaminophen every 4 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 360 mg of codeine and 4000 mg of acetaminophen per 24 hours.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using Pyregesic-C

It is very important that your doctor check the progress of you or your child while you are taking this medicine. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you or your child should continue to take it.

It is against the law and dangerous for anyone else to use your medicine. Keep your unused medicine in a safe and secure place. People who are addicted to drugs might want to steal this medicine.

This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that can make you drowsy or less alert). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for allergies or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; other prescription pain medicine or narcotics; medicine for seizures or barbiturates; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Also, there may be a greater risk of liver damage if you drink three or more alcoholic beverages while you are taking acetaminophen. Do not drink alcoholic beverages, and check with your doctor before taking any of these medicines while you are using this medicine.

This medicine may be habit-forming. If you feel that the medicine is not working as well, do not use more than your prescribed dose.

Check with your doctor right away if you have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach; pale stools; dark urine; loss of appetite; nausea; unusual tiredness or weakness; or yellow eyes or skin. These could be symptoms of a serious liver problem.

This medicine may cause a serious type of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Stop using this medicine and call your doctor right away if you have a rash, itching, hoarseness, trouble breathing, trouble swallowing, or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth while you are using this medicine.

This medicine may make you dizzy, drowsy, or lightheaded. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or not alert.

Using narcotics for a long time can cause severe constipation. To prevent this, your doctor may direct you to take laxatives, drink a lot of fluids, or increase the amount of fiber in your diet. Be sure to follow the directions carefully, because continuing constipation can lead to more serious problems.

For patients taking a codeine-containing medicine or any other narcotic analgesics (e.g., dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and pentazocine):

Contact your doctor right away if you have extreme sleepiness, confusion, or shallow breathing. These symptoms may indicate that you are an "ultra-rapid metabolizer of codeine". Ultra-rapid metabolizers change codeine to morphine more quickly and completely than other people. As a result, there is too much morphine in the body and more side effects of morphine than usual.

Do not change your dose or suddenly stop using this medicine without first checking with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping it completely. This may help prevent worsening of your condition and reduce the possibility of withdrawal symptoms, such as abdominal or stomach cramps, anxiety, fever, nausea, runny nose, sweating, tremors, or trouble with sleeping.

Using this medicine while you are pregnant may cause neonatal withdrawal syndrome in your newborn babies. Tell your doctor right away if your child has the following symptoms: abnormal sleep pattern, diarrhea, high-pitched cry, irritability, shakiness or tremor, weight loss, vomiting, or failure to gain weight.

Before you have any medical tests, tell the medical doctor in charge that you or your child are taking this medicine. The results of certain tests may be affected by this medicine.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines, especially those containing acetaminophen (Tylenol (R)), and herbal or vitamin supplements.

Pyregesic-C Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

Difficult or troubled breathing

irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing

pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin

shortness of breath

Incidence not known

Black, tarry stools

bleeding gums

blood in the urine or stools

cough or hoarseness

difficulty with swallowing

dizziness

fast heartbeat

fever with or without chills

general feeling of tiredness or weakness

hives

itching

lower back or side pain

painful or difficult urination

pinpoint red spots on the skin

puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue

skin rash

sore throat

sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth

tightness in the chest

unusual bleeding or bruising

unusual tiredness or weakness

wheezing

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:

Symptoms of overdose

Abdominal or stomach pain

bloody or cloudy urine

chills

constricted, pinpoint, or small pupils (black part of the eye)

convulsion

dark urine

headache

increased sweating

light-colored stools

loss of appetite

loss of consciousness

nausea

sudden decrease in the amount of urine

unpleasant breath odor

vomiting

vomiting of blood

yellow eyes or skin

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

Drowsiness

lightheadedness

relaxed and calm

sleepiness

Incidence not known

Difficulty having a bowel movement (stool)

false or unusual sense of well-being

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Pyregesic-C side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Pyregesic-C resources

Pyregesic-C Side Effects (in more detail)
Pyregesic-C Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Pyregesic-C Drug Interactions
Pyregesic-C Support Group
28 Reviews for Pyregesic-C - Add your own review/rating

Compare Pyregesic-C with other medications

Cough
Osteoarthritis
Pain

Monday, 26 September 2016

Sandoglobulin IGIV

Generic Name: immune globulin (intravenous) (IGIV) (im MYOON GLOB yoo lin)

Brand Names: Carimune, Flebogamma, Gammagard (obsolete), Gammagard S/D, Gammaplex, Gammar-P I.V., Gamunex, Octagam, Polygam S/D, Privigen, Sandoglobulin

What is immune globulin intravenous (IVIG)?

Immune globulin intravenous is a sterilized solution made from human plasma. It contains the antibodies to help your body protect itself against infection from various diseases.

Immune globulin is used to treat primary immune deficiency, and to reduce the risk of infection in individuals with poorly functioning immune systems such as those with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). IGIV is also used to increase platelets (blood clotting cells) in people with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and to prevent aneurysm caused by a weakening of the main artery in the heart associated with Kawasaki syndrome.

Immune globulin is also used to treat chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), a debilitating nerve disorder that causes muscle weakness and can affect daily activities.

Immune globulin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about immune globulin?

Immune globulin can harm your kidneys, and this effect is increased when you also use certain other medicines harmful to the kidneys. Before using immune globulin, tell your doctor about all other medications you use. Many other drugs (including some over-the-counter medicines) can be harmful to the kidneys.

Before using immune globulin intravenous, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, diabetes (especially if you use insulin), a history of stroke or blood clot, heart disease, high blood pressure, a condition called paraproteinemia, or if you are over 65 years old.

To be sure this medicine is helping your condition and is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested often. Your kidney function may also need to be tested. Visit your doctor regularly.

This medication can cause unusual results with certain blood glucose tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using immune globulin.

Immune globulin is made from human plasma (part of the blood) which may contain viruses and other infectious agents. Donated plasma is tested and treated to reduce the risk of it containing infectious agents, but there is still a small possibility it could transmit disease. Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of using this medication.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before using immune globulin?

You should not use this medication if you have ever had an allergic reaction to an immune globulin or if you have immune globulin A (IgA) deficiency with antibody to IgA.

To make sure you can safely use immune globulin, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:

kidney disease;

diabetes (especially if you use insulin);

a history of stroke or blood clot;

heart disease or high blood pressure;

a condition called paraproteinemia; or

if you are over 65 years old.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether immune globulin will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known if immune globulin passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How is immune globulin intravenous given?

Immune globulin intravenous is injected into a vein through an IV. You may be shown how to use an IV at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles, IV tubing, and other items used to inject the medicine.

IVIG should not be injected into a muscle or under the skin.

Do not use the medication if it has changed colors or has particles in it. Call your doctor for a new prescription. Throw away any unused medicine that is left over after injecting your dose.

Use each disposable needle only one time. Throw away used needles in a puncture-proof container (ask your pharmacist where you can get one and how to dispose of it). Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets.

IVIG is usually given every 3 to 4 weeks. Your dosing schedule may be different. Follow your doctor's instructions.

Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results.

This medication can cause unusual results with certain blood glucose tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using immune globulin.

Some brands of immune globulin should be stored in a refrigerator, while others can be kept at room temperature. Follow the directions on your prescription label or ask your pharmacist if you have questions about how to store the medication. Do not allow the medicine to freeze.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Call your doctor for instructions if you miss a dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while using immune globulin?

Do not receive a "live" vaccine while using IVIG. The vaccine may not work as well during this time, and may not fully protect you from disease. Live vaccines include measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), oral polio, typhoid, chickenpox (varicella), BCG (Bacillus Calmette and Guérin), and nasal flu vaccine.

Immune globulin side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

urinating less than usual or not at all;

drowsiness, confusion, mood changes, increased thirst, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting;

swelling, weight gain, feeling short of breath;

wheezing, chest tightness;

feeling like you might pass out;

fever with headache, neck stiffness, chills, increased sensitivity to light, purple spots on the skin, and/or seizure (convulsions); or

pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion or weakness.

Less serious side effects may include:

mild headache;

dizziness;

tired feeling;

back pain, muscle cramps;

minor chest pain; or

flushing (warmth, redness, or tingly feeling).

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect immune globulin?

Immune globulin can harm your kidneys. This effect is increased when you also use other medicines harmful to the kidneys. You may need dose adjustments or special tests if you have recently used:

lithium (Lithobid);

methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall);

pain or arthritis medicines such as aspirin (Anacin, Excedrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol), diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), etodolac (Lodine), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), meloxicam (Mobic), nabumetone (Relafen), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), piroxicam (Feldene), and others;

medicines used to treat ulcerative colitis, such as mesalamine (Pentasa) or sulfasalazine (Azulfidine);

medicines used to prevent organ transplant rejection, such as cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune) or tacrolimus (Prograf);

IV antibiotics such as amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome, Amphotec, Abelcet), amikacin (Amikin), bacitracin (Baci-IM), capreomycin (Capastat), gentamicin (Garamycin), kanamycin (Kantrex), streptomycin, or vancomycin (Vancocin, Vancoled);

antiviral medicines such as adefovir (Hepsera), cidofovir (Vistide), or foscarnet (Foscavir); or

cancer medicine such as aldesleukin (Proleukin), carmustine (BiCNU, Gliadel), cisplatin (Platinol), ifosfamide (Ifex), oxaliplatin (Eloxatin), streptozocin (Zanosar), or tretinoin (Vesanoid).

This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with immune globulin. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Sandoglobulin resources

Sandoglobulin Side Effects (in more detail)
Sandoglobulin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Sandoglobulin Drug Interactions
Sandoglobulin Support Group
0 Reviews for Sandoglobulin - Add your own review/rating

Compare Sandoglobulin with other medications

Autoimmune Neutropenia
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Evan's Syndrome
HIV Infection
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Kawasaki Disease
Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
Primary Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about immune globulin intravenous.

See also: Sandoglobulin side effects (in more detail)

Dinoven

Dinoven may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dinoven

Chondroitin Polysulfate

Chondroitin Polysulfate is reported as an ingredient of Dinoven in the following countries:

Spain

International Drug Name Search

Dopamin Ebewe

Dopamin Ebewe may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dopamin Ebewe

Dopamine

Dopamine hydrochloride (a derivative of Dopamine) is reported as an ingredient of Dopamin Ebewe in the following countries:

Hong Kong

Vietnam

International Drug Name Search

Acyclovir Al

Acyclovir Al may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Acyclovir Al

Acyclovir

Aciclovir is reported as an ingredient of Acyclovir Al in the following countries:

Slovakia

International Drug Name Search

Foraseq

Foraseq may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Foraseq

Formoterol

Formoterol fumarate (a derivative of Formoterol) is reported as an ingredient of Foraseq in the following countries:

Brazil

International Drug Name Search

Dormital

Dormital may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dormital

Diphenhydramine

Diphenhydramine is reported as an ingredient of Dormital in the following countries:

Dominican Republic

International Drug Name Search

Fluocortin

Scheme

Rec.INN

ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification)

D07AB04

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

0033124-50-4

Chemical Formula

C22-H27-F-O5

Molecular Weight

390

Therapeutic Category

Adrenal cortex hormone, glucocorticoid

Chemical Name

Pregna-1,4-dien-21-oic acid, 6-fluoro-11-hydroxy-16-methyl-3,20-dioxo-, (6α,11ß,16α)-

Foreign Names

Fluocortinum (Latin)
Fluocortin (German)
Fluocortine (French)
Fluocortina (Spanish)

Generic Names

Fluocortin (OS: DCIT)
Fluocortin Butyl (OS: BAN, USAN)
FCB (IS)
SHK 203 (IS: Schering)

Brand Names

Varlane
Schering, Luxembourg

Vaspit
Intendis, Spain; Intendis, Italy

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

BAN	British Approved Name
DCIT	Denominazione Comune Italiana
IS	Inofficial Synonym
OS	Official Synonym
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)
USAN	United States Adopted Name

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Dramnate

Dramnate may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dramnate

Dimenhydrinate

Dimenhydrinate is reported as an ingredient of Dramnate in the following countries:

India

International Drug Name Search

Avir

Avir may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Avir

Acyclovir

Aciclovir is reported as an ingredient of Avir in the following countries:

Venezuela

Albendazole

Albendazole is reported as an ingredient of Avir in the following countries:

Ecuador

International Drug Name Search

Doc Cyclosporine

Doc Cyclosporine may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Doc Cyclosporine

Ciclosporin

Ciclosporin is reported as an ingredient of Doc Cyclosporine in the following countries:

Luxembourg

International Drug Name Search

Diconten

Diconten may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Diconten

Flupentixol

Flupentixol is reported as an ingredient of Diconten in the following countries:

Bangladesh

Melitracen

Melitracen is reported as an ingredient of Diconten in the following countries:

Bangladesh

International Drug Name Search

Atenolol Microsules

Atenolol Microsules may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Atenolol Microsules

Atenolol

Atenolol is reported as an ingredient of Atenolol Microsules in the following countries:

Argentina

International Drug Name Search

Diclorex

Diclorex may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Diclorex

Diclofenac

Diclofenac diethylamine (a derivative of Diclofenac) is reported as an ingredient of Diclorex in the following countries:

Bangladesh

International Drug Name Search

Disopyramide PCH

Disopyramide PCH may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Disopyramide PCH

Disopyramide

Disopyramide phosphate (a derivative of Disopyramide) is reported as an ingredient of Disopyramide PCH in the following countries:

Netherlands

International Drug Name Search

Domperidon Disphar

Domperidon Disphar may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Domperidon Disphar

Domperidone

Domperidone maleate (a derivative of Domperidone) is reported as an ingredient of Domperidon Disphar in the following countries:

Netherlands

International Drug Name Search

Dentobaume

Dentobaume may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dentobaume

Amylocaine

Amylocaine hydrochloride (a derivative of Amylocaine) is reported as an ingredient of Dentobaume in the following countries:

France

Levomenthol

Levomenthol is reported as an ingredient of Dentobaume in the following countries:

France

International Drug Name Search

Demunaron

Demunaron may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Demunaron

Teprenone

Teprenone is reported as an ingredient of Demunaron in the following countries:

Japan

International Drug Name Search

Yocoral

Yocoral may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Yocoral

Yohimbine

Yohimbine hydrochloride (a derivative of Yohimbine) is reported as an ingredient of Yocoral in the following countries:

Belgium

France

Luxembourg

International Drug Name Search

metaproterenol

Generic Name: metaproterenol (meh ta proe TER e nall)

Brand Names: Alupent, Metaprel

What is metaproterenol?

Metaproterenol is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing.

Metaproterenol is used to treat conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema.

Metaproterenol may also be used for conditions other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about metaproterenol?

It is very important that you use the metaproterenol inhaler or nebulizer properly, so that the medicine gets into the lungs. Your doctor may want you to use a spacer with the inhaler. Talk to your doctor about proper inhaler and nebulizer use.

Seek medical attention if you notice that you require more than your usual or more than the maximum amount of any asthma medication in a 24-hour period. An increased need for medication could be an early sign of a serious asthma attack.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking metaproterenol?

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have

heart disease or high blood pressure;

epilepsy or another seizure disorder;

diabetes;

an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism); or

liver disease; or

kidney disease.

You may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

Metaproterenol is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether metaproterenol will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether metaproterenol passes into breast milk. Do not take metaproterenol without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take metaproterenol?

Take metaproterenol exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take the metaproterenol tablets with a full glass of water. To ensure that you get a correct dose, measure the liquid forms of metaproterenol with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist where you can get one.

To use the inhaler:

Shake the inhaler several times and uncap the mouthpiece. Breathe out fully and place your lips around the mouthpiece. Take a deep, slow breath as you push down on the canister. Hold your breath for several seconds, then exhale slowly.

If you take more than one dose at a time, wait for at least 1 full minute, then repeat the procedure.

Keep the inhaler clean and dry. Keep the mouthpiece capped when not in use. Clean the inhaler as instructed by the manufacturer.

To use the solution for nebulization:

Measure the correct amount of medication with the dropper provided or select the prescribed number of ampules. Transfer the liquid into the medication chamber of the nebulizer. If your medication has a dropper, do not allow the dropper to touch any surface including your hands or the chamber of the nebulizer. Dilute the medication with normal saline if prescribed by your doctor.

Attach the mouthpiece or face mask to the drug chamber. Then, attach the drug chamber to the compressor. Sit upright, in a comfortable position, and put the mouthpiece into your mouth or put the face mask on, covering the nose and mouth. Breathe slowly and evenly until all of the medicine has been inhaled (usually 5 to 15 minutes). The treatment is complete when no more mist is formed by the nebulizer and the drug chamber is empty.

Clean the nebulizer after a treatment as directed by the manufacturer.

If you also use a steroid inhaler, use the metaproterenol inhaler or nebulization solution first to open up your airways, then use the steroid inhaler as directed unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

It is very important that you use the metaproterenol inhaler or nebulizer properly, so that the medicine gets into the lungs. Your doctor may want you to use a spacer with your inhaler. Talk to your doctor about proper inhaler and nebulizer use.

It is important to take metaproterenol regularly to get the most benefit.

Your doctor may want you to have lung function tests or other medical evaluations during treatment with metaproterenol to monitor progress and side effects.

Store metaproterenol at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

See also: Metaproterenol dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and use the next one as directed. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

Symptoms of an metaproterenol overdose include angina or chest pain, irregular heartbeats or a fluttering heart, seizures, tremor, weakness, headache, nausea, and vomiting.

What should I avoid while taking metaproterenol?

Avoid situations that may trigger an asthma attack such as exercising in cold, dry air; smoking; breathing in dust; and exposure to allergens such as pet fur.

Metaproterenol side effects

If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking metaproterenol and seek emergency medical attention or contact your doctor immediately:

an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives); or

chest pains or an irregular heart beat.

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take metaproterenol and talk to your doctor if you experience

headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, or insomnia;

tremor or nervousness;

sweating;

nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; or

dry mouth.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Metaproterenol Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose for Asthma -- Acute:

Oral: 20 mg 3 to 4 times a day.
Inhalation aerosol: 2 to 3 inhalations every 3 to 4 hours, up to 12 inhalations/day.
Inhalation solution: 10 to 15 mg (0.2 to 0.3 mL of 5% solution) every 4 to 6 hours.

Usual Adult Dose for Asthma -- Maintenance:

Usual Adult Dose for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -- Acute:

Usual Adult Dose for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -- Maintenance:

Usual Pediatric Dose for Asthma -- Acute:

Infants and children: Nebulizer: 0.5 to 1 mg/kg ( 0.01 to 0.02 mL/kg of 5% solution); minimum dose: 5 mg (0.1 mL); maximum dose: 15 mg (0.3 mL); every 4 to 6 hours.
Children less than 2 years of age: Oral: 0.4 mg/kg/dose in 3 to 4 divided doses a day. In infants, the dose can be given every 8 to 12 hours.
Children 2 to 6 years of age: Oral: 1.3 to 2.6 mg/kg/day divided every 6 to 8 hours.
Children 6 to 9 years of age: Oral: 10 mg 3 to 4 times a day.
Children more than 9 years of age: Oral: 20 mg 3 to 4 times a day.
Children more than 12 years of age: Inhalation aerosol: 2 to 3 inhalations every 3 to 4 hours, up to 12 inhalations in 24 hours.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Asthma -- Maintenance:

Usual Pediatric Dose for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -- Acute:

Usual Pediatric Dose for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -- Maintenance:

What other drugs will affect metaproterenol?

Before taking metaproterenol, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:

a beta-blocker such as atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), propranolol (Inderal), and others;

a tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil), doxepin (Sinequan), imipramine (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor), and others;

a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), or tranylcypromine (Parnate);

another inhaled or oral bronchodilator; or

caffeine, diet pills, or decongestants.

You may not be able to take metaproterenol, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with metaproterenol or affect your condition. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.

More metaproterenol resources

Metaproterenol Side Effects (in more detail)
Metaproterenol Dosage
Metaproterenol Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Metaproterenol Drug Interactions
Metaproterenol Support Group
2 Reviews for Metaproterenol - Add your own review/rating

metaproterenol Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Metaproterenol MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Alupent Prescribing Information (FDA)

Alupent Monograph (AHFS DI)

Metaproterenol Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare metaproterenol with other medications

Asthma, acute
Asthma, Maintenance
COPD, Acute
COPD, Maintenance

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist has additional information about metaproterenol written for health professionals that you may read.

See also: metaproterenol side effects (in more detail)

Doxorubicin Meda

Doxorubicin Meda may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Doxorubicin Meda

Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (a derivative of Doxorubicin) is reported as an ingredient of Doxorubicin Meda in the following countries:

Denmark

Sweden

International Drug Name Search

Raniver

Raniver may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Raniver

Ranitidine

Ranitidine hydrochloride (a derivative of Ranitidine) is reported as an ingredient of Raniver in the following countries:

Turkey

International Drug Name Search

Doxycycline Biogaran

Doxycycline Biogaran may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Doxycycline Biogaran

Doxycycline

Doxycycline hyclate (a derivative of Doxycycline) is reported as an ingredient of Doxycycline Biogaran in the following countries:

France

International Drug Name Search

Doxystad

Doxystad may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Doxystad

Doxycycline

Doxycycline monohydrate (a derivative of Doxycycline) is reported as an ingredient of Doxystad in the following countries:

Austria

International Drug Name Search

Dobutamine-Fresenius

Dobutamine-Fresenius may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dobutamine-Fresenius

Dobutamine

Dobutamine hydrochloride (a derivative of Dobutamine) is reported as an ingredient of Dobutamine-Fresenius in the following countries:

South Africa

International Drug Name Search

Dimetoxanato

Dimetoxanato may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dimetoxanato

Dimethoxanate

Dimetoxanato (DCIT) is also known as Dimethoxanate (Rec.INN)

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

DCIT	Denominazione Comune Italiana
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Dinaler

Dinaler may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dinaler

Acetylcysteine

Acetylcysteine is reported as an ingredient of Dinaler in the following countries:

Dominican Republic

International Drug Name Search

Dinorax

Dinorax may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dinorax

Metformin

Metformin hydrochloride (a derivative of Metformin) is reported as an ingredient of Dinorax in the following countries:

Mexico

International Drug Name Search

Glucosine

Glucosine may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Glucosine

Glucosamine

Glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride (a derivative of Glucosamine) is reported as an ingredient of Glucosine in the following countries:

Sweden

International Drug Name Search

Glimepirida Winthrop

Glimepirida Winthrop may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Glimepirida Winthrop

Glimepiride

Glimepiride is reported as an ingredient of Glimepirida Winthrop in the following countries:

Spain

International Drug Name Search

Inrozol

Inrozol may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Inrozol

Itraconazole

Itraconazole is reported as an ingredient of Inrozol in the following countries:

Greece

International Drug Name Search

Dinitrato Isosorbide

Dinitrato Isosorbide may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dinitrato Isosorbide

Isosorbide Dinitrate

Isosorbide Dinitrate is reported as an ingredient of Dinitrato Isosorbide in the following countries:

Peru

International Drug Name Search

Dimetotiazina

Dimetotiazina may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Dimetotiazina

Dimetotiazine

Dimetotiazina (DCIT) is also known as Dimetotiazine (Rec.INN)

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

DCIT	Denominazione Comune Italiana
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Aspirine du Rhône

Aspirine du Rhône may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Aspirine du Rhône

Aspirin

Acetylsalicylic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Aspirine du Rhône in the following countries:

France

International Drug Name Search

Prednisone Tablets

Dosage Form: tablet
Prednisone Tablets, USP

1 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg

Rx only

Prednisone Tablets Description

Prednisone Tablets contain prednisone which is a glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical steroids, both naturally occurring and synthetic, which are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Prednisone is a white to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. It is very slightly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol, chloroform, dioxane, and methanol.

The chemical name for prednisone is pregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione monohydrate,17,21-dihydroxy-. The structural formula is represented below:

Prednisone Tablets are available in 5 strengths: 1 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg.

Inactive ingredients: 1 mg — lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium starch glycolate, stearic acid; 2.5 mg — lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium starch glycolate, stearic acid; 5 mg—colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, pregelatinized starch, sodium starch glycolate; 10 mg—colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, pregelatinized starch, sodium starch glycolate; 20 mg—FD&C Yellow #6 Lake, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate.

Prednisone Tablets - Clinical Pharmacology

Naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone), which also have salt-retaining properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. Their synthetic analogs are primarily used for their potent anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems.

Glucocorticoids cause profound and varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body's immune responses to diverse stimuli.

Indications and Usage for Prednisone Tablets

Prednisone Tablets are indicated in the following conditions:

Endocrine Disorders
Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Nonsuppurative thyroiditis

Hypercalcemia associated with cancer

Rheumatic Disorders
As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration (to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation) in:

Psoriatic arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (selected cases may require low-dose maintenance therapy)

Ankylosing spondylitis

Acute and subacute bursitis

Acute nonspecific tenosynovitis

Acute gouty arthritis

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis

Synovitis of osteoarthritis

Epicondylitis

Collagen Diseases
During an exacerbation or as maintenance therapy in selected cases of:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic dermatomyositis (polymyositis)

Acute rheumatic carditis

Dermatologic Diseases
Pemphigus

Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis

Severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

Exfoliative dermatitis

Mycosis fungoides

Severe psoriasis

Severe seborrheic dermatitis

Allergic States
Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment:

Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis

Bronchial asthma

Contact dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis

Serum sickness

Drug hypersensitivity reactions

Ophthalmic Diseases
Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as:

Allergic corneal marginal ulcers

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Anterior segment inflammation

Diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis

Sympathetic ophthalmia

Allergic conjunctivitis

Keratitis

Chorioretinitis

Optic neuritis

Iritis and iridocyclitis

Respiratory Diseases
Symptomatic sarcoidosis

Loeffler's syndrome not manageable by other means

Berylliosis

Aspiration pneumonitis

Fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy

Hematologic Disorders
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults

Secondary thrombocytopenia in adults

Acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia

Erythroblastopenia (RBC anemia)

Congenital (erythroid) hypoplastic anemia

Neoplastic Diseases
For palliative management of:

Leukemias and lymphomas in adults

Acute leukemia of childhood

Edematous States
To induce a diuresis or remission of proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, without uremia, of the idiopathic type or that due to lupus erythematosus

Gastrointestinal Diseases
To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in:

Ulcerative colitis

Regional enteritis

Miscellaneous
Tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy

Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement

Contraindications

Prednisone Tablets are contraindicated in systemic fungal infections and known hypersensitivity to components.

Warnings

General

Rare instances of anaphylactoid reactions have occurred in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy (see ADVERSE REACTIONS: Allergic Reactions).

Increased dosage of rapidly acting corticosteroids is indicated in patients on corticosteroid therapy subjected to any unusual stress before, during and after the stressful situation.

Cardio-Renal

Average and large doses of hydrocortisone or cortisone can cause elevation of blood pressure, salt and water retention, and increased excretion of potassium. These effects are less likely to occur with the synthetic derivatives except when used in large doses. Dietary salt restriction and potassium supplementation may be necessary. All corticosteroids increase calcium excretion.

Literature reports suggest an apparent association between use of corticosteroids and left ventricular free wall rupture after a recent myocardial infarction; therefore, therapy with corticosteroids should be used with great caution in these patients.

Endocrine

Corticosteroids can produce reversible hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis suppression with the potential for corticosteroid insufficiency after withdrawal of treatment. Adrenocortical insufficiency may result from too rapid withdrawal of corticosteroids and may be minimized by gradual reduction of dosage. This type of relative insufficiency may persist for up to 12 months after discontinuation of therapy; therefore, in any situation of stress occurring during that period, hormone therapy should be reinstituted. If the patient is receiving steroids already, dosage may have to be increased.

Metabolic clearance of corticosteroids is decreased in hypothyroid patients and increased in hyperthyroid patients. Changes in thyroid status of the patient may necessitate adjustment in dosage.

Infection

General

Patients who are on corticosteroids are more susceptible to infections than are healthy individuals. There may be decreased resistance and inability to localize infection when corticosteroids are used. Infection with any pathogen (viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan or helminthic) in any location of the body may be associated with the use of corticosteroids alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive agents that affect cellular immunity, humoral immunity, or neutrophil function.1 These infections may be mild, but may be severe and at times fatal. With increasing doses of corticosteroids, the rate of occurrence of infectious complications increases.2 Corticosteroids may also mask some signs of current infection.

Fungal Infections

Corticosteroids may exacerbate systemic fungal infections and therefore should not be used in the presence of such infections unless they are needed to control life-threatening drug reactions. There have been cases reported in which concomitant use of amphotericin B and hydrocortisone was followed by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions: Amphotericin B Injection and Potassium-Depleting Agents).

Special Pathogens

Latent disease may be activated or there may be an exacerbation of intercurrent infections due to pathogens, including those caused by Amoeba, Candida, Cryptococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pneumocystis, Toxoplasma.

It is recommended that latent amebiasis or active amebiasis be ruled out before initiating corticosteroid therapy in any patient who has spent time in the tropics or any patient with unexplained diarrhea.

Similarly, corticosteroids should be used with great care in patients with known or suspected Strongyloides (threadworm) infestation. In such patients, corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression may lead to Strongyloides hyperinfection and dissemination with widespread larval migration, often accompanied by severe enterocolitis and potentially fatal gram-negative septicemia.

Corticosteroids should not be used in cerebral malaria.

Tuberculosis

The use of prednisone in active tuberculosis should be restricted to those cases of fulminating or disseminated tuberculosis in which the corticosteroid is used for management of the disease in conjunction with an appropriate antituberculous regimen.

If corticosteroids are indicated in patients with latent tuberculosis or tuberculin reactivity, close observation is necessary as reactivation of the disease may occur. During prolonged corticosteroid therapy, these patients should receive chemoprophylaxis.

Vaccination

Administration of live or live, attenuated vaccines is contraindicated in patients receiving immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids. Killed or inactivated vaccines may be administered. However, the response to such vaccines may be diminished and cannot be predicted. Indicated immunization procedures may be undertaken in patients receiving nonimmunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids as replacement therapy (e.g., for Addison’s disease).

Viral Infections

Chickenpox and measles can have a more serious or even fatal course in pediatric and adult patients on corticosteroids. In pediatric and adult patients who have not had these diseases, particular care should be taken to avoid exposure. How the dose, route and duration of corticosteroid administration affect the risk of developing a disseminated infection is not known. The contribution of the underlying disease and/or prior corticosteroid treatment to the risk is also not known. If exposed to chickenpox, prophylaxis with varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) may be indicated. If exposed to measles, prophylaxis with pooled intramuscular immunoglobulin (IG) may be indicated. (See the respective package inserts for complete VZIG and IG prescribing information.) If chickenpox develops, treatment with antiviral agents may be considered.

Ophthalmic

Use of corticosteroids may produce posterior subcapsular cataracts, glaucoma with possible damage to the optic nerves, and may enhance the establishment of secondary ocular infections due to bacteria, fungi or viruses. The use of oral corticosteroids is not recommended in the treatment of optic neuritis and may lead to an increase in the risk of new episodes. Corticosteroids should not be used in active ocular herpes simplex because of possible corneal perforation.

Precautions

General Precautions

The lowest possible dose of corticosteroids should be used to control the condition under treatment. When reduction in dosage is possible, the reduction should be gradual.

Since complications of treatment with glucocorticoids are dependent on the size of the dose and the duration of treatment, a risk/benefit decision must be made in each individual case as to dose and duration of treatment and as to whether daily or intermittent therapy should be used.

Kaposi’s sarcoma has been reported to occur in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy, most often for chronic conditions. Discontinuation of corticosteroids may result in clinical improvement.

Cardio-Renal

As sodium retention with resultant edema and potassium loss may occur in patients receiving corticosteroids, these agents should be used with caution in patients with congestive heart failure, hypertension, or renal insufficiency.

Endocrine

Drug-induced secondary adrenocortical insufficiency may be minimized by gradual reduction of dosage. This type of relative insufficiency may persist for up to 12 months after discontinuation of therapy following large doses for prolonged periods; therefore, in any situation of stress occurring during that period, hormone therapy should be reinstituted. Since mineralocorticoid secretion may be impaired, salt and/or a mineralocorticoid should be administered concurrently.

There is an enhanced effect of corticosteroids on patients with hypothyroidism.

Gastrointestinal

Steroids should be used with caution in active or latent peptic ulcers, diverticulitis, fresh intestinal anastomoses, and nonspecific ulcerative colitis, since they may increase the risk of a perforation.

Signs of peritoneal irritation following gastrointestinal perforation in patients receiving corticosteroids may be minimal or absent.

There is an enhanced effect due to decreased metabolism of corticosteroids in patients with cirrhosis.

Musculoskeletal

Corticosteroids decrease bone formation and increase bone resorption both through their effect on calcium regulation (i.e., decreasing absorption and increasing excretion) and inhibition of osteoblast function. This, together with a decrease in the protein matrix of the bone secondary to an increase in protein catabolism, and reduced sex hormone production, may lead to inhibition of bone growth in pediatric patients and the development of osteoporosis at any age. Growth and development of infants and children on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should be carefully observed. Special consideration should be given to patients at increased risk of osteoporosis (e.g., postmenopausal women) before initiating corticosteroid therapy.

Inclusion of therapy for osteoporosis prevention or treatment should be considered. To minimize the risk of glucocortoicoid-induced bone loss, the smallest possible effective dosage and duration should be used. Lifestyle modification to reduce the risk of osteoporosis (e.g., cigarette smoking cessation, limitation of alcohol consumption, participation in weight-bearing exercise for 30-60 minutes daily) should be encouraged. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonate (e.g., alendronate, risedronate), and a weight-bearing exercise program that maintains muscle mass are suitable first-line therapies aimed at reducing the risk of adverse bone effects. Current recommendations suggest that all interventions be initiated in any patient in whom glucocorticoid therapy with at least the equivalent of 5 mg of prednisone for at least 3 months is anticipated; in addition, sex hormone replacement therapy (combined estrogen and progestin in women; testosterone in men) should be offered to such patients who are hypogonadal or in whom replacement is otherwise clinically indicated and biphosphonate therapy should be initiated (if not already) if bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and/or hip is below normal.

Neuro-Psychiatric

Although controlled clinical trials have shown corticosteroids to be effective in speeding the resolution of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, they do not show that they affect the ultimate outcome or natural history of the disease. The studies do show that relatively high doses of corticosteroids are necessary to demonstrate a significant effect. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Multiple Sclerosis.)

An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids, most often occurring in patients with disorders of neuromuscular transmission (e.g., myasthenia gravis), or in patients receiving concomitant therapy with neuromuscular blocking drugs (e.g., pancuronium). This acute myopathy is generalized, may involve ocular and respiratory muscles, and may result in quadriparesis. Elevation of creatinine kinase may occur. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping corticosteroids may require weeks to years.

Psychiatric derangements may appear when corticosteroids are used, ranging from euphoria, insomnia, mood swings, personality changes, and severe depression, to frank psychotic manifestations. Also, existing emotional instability or psychotic tendencies may be aggravated by corticosteroids.

Ophthalmic

Intraocular pressure may become elevated in some individuals. If steroid therapy is continued for more than 6 weeks, intraocular pressure should be monitored.

Information for Patients

Patients should be warned not to discontinue the use of corticosteroids abruptly or without medical supervision. As prolonged use may cause adrenal insufficiency and make patients dependent on corticosteroids, they should advise any medical attendants that they are taking corticosteroids and they should seek medical advice at once should they develop an acute illness including fever or other signs of infection. Following prolonged therapy, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in symptoms of the corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome including, myalgia, arthralgia, and malaise.

Persons who are on corticosteroids should be warned to avoid exposure to chickenpox or measles. Patients should also be advised that if they are exposed, medical advice should be sought without delay.

Drug Interactions

Amphotericin B Injection and Potassium-Depleting Agents

When corticosteroids are administered concomitantly with potassium-depleting agents (e.g., amphotericin B, diuretics), patients should be observed closely for development of hypokalemia. In addition, there have been cases reported in which concomitant use of amphotericin B and hydrocortisone was followed by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure.

Antibiotics

Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to cause a significant decrease in corticosteroid clearance (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions: Hepatic Enzyme Inducers, Inhibitors and Substrates).

Anticholinesterases

Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents (e.g., neostigmine, pyridostigmine) and corticosteroids may produce severe weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating corticosteroid therapy. If concomitant therapy must occur, it should take place under close supervision and the need for respiratory support should be anticipated.

Anticoagulants, Oral

Co-administration of corticosteroids and warfarin usually results in inhibition of response to warfarin, although there have been some conflicting reports. Therefore, coagulation indices should be monitored frequently to maintain the desired anticoagulant effect.

Antidiabetics

Because corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations, dosage adjustments of antidiabetic agents may be required.

Antitubercular drugs

Serum concentrations of isoniazid may be decreased.

Bupropion

Since systemic steroids, as well as bupropion, can lower the seizure threshold, concurrent administration should be undertaken only with extreme caution; low initial dosing and small gradual increases should be employed.

Cholestyramine

Cholestyramine may increase the clearance of corticosteroids.

Cyclosporine

Increased activity of both cyclosporine and corticosteroids may occur when the two are used concurrently. Convulsions have been reported with this concurrent use.

Digitalis Glycosides

Patients on digitalis glycosides may be at increased risk of arrhythmias due to hypokalemia.

Estrogens, Including Oral Contraceptives

Estrogens may decrease the hepatic metabolism of certain corticosteroids, thereby increasing their effect.

Fluoroquinolones

Post-marketing surveillance reports indicate that the risk of tendon rupture may be increased in patients receiving concomitant fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) and corticosteroids, especially in the elderly. Tendon rupture can occur during or after treatment with quinolones.

Hepatic Enzyme Inducers, Inhibitors and Substrates

Drugs which induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) enzyme activity (e.g., barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin) may enhance the metabolism of corticosteroids and require that the dosage of the corticosteroid be increased. Drugs which inhibit CYP 3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, indinavir, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin) have the potential to result in increased plasma concentrations of corticosteroids. Glucocorticoids are moderate inducers of CYP 3A4. Co-administration with other drugs that are metabolized by CYP 3A4 (e.g., indinavir, erythromycin) may increase their clearance, resulting in decreased plasma concentration.

Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole has been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%, leading to increased risk of corticosteroid side effects. In addition, ketoconazole alone can inhibit adrenal corticosteroid synthesis and may cause adrenal insufficiency during corticosteroid withdrawal.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDS)

Concomitant use of aspirin (or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents) and corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Aspirin should be used cautiously in conjunction with corticosteroids in hypoprothrombinemia. The clearance of salicylates may be increased with concurrent use of corticosteroids; this could lead to decreased salicylate serum levels or increase the risk of salicylate toxicity when corticosteroid is withdrawn.

Phenytoin

In post-marketing experience, there have been reports of both increases and decreases in phenytoin levels with dexamethasone co-administration, leading to alterations in seizure control. Phenytoin has been demonstrated to increase the hepatic metabolism of corticosteroids, resulting in a decreased therapeutic effect of the corticosteroid.

Quetiapine

Increased doses of quetiapine may be required to maintain control of symptoms of schizophrenia in patients receiving a glucocorticoid, a hepatic enzyme inducer.

Skin Tests

Corticosteroids may suppress reactions to skin tests.

Thalidomide

Co-administration with thalidomide should be employed cautiously, as toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported with concomitant use.

Vaccines

Patients on corticosteroid therapy may exhibit a diminished response to toxoids and live or inactivated vaccines due to inhibition of antibody response. Corticosteroids may also potentiate the replication of some organisms contained in live attenuated vaccines. Routine administration of vaccines or toxoids should be deferred until corticosteroid therapy is discontinued if possible (see WARNINGS: Infection: Vaccination).

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No adequate studies have been conducted in animals to determine whether corticosteroids have a potential for carcinogenesis or mutagenesis. Steroids may increase or decrease motility and number of spermatozoa in some patients.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C

Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in many species when given in doses equivalent to the human dose. Animal studies in which corticosteroids have been given to pregnant mice, rats, and rabbits have yielded an increased incidence of cleft palate in the offspring. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Infants born to mothers who have received substantial doses of corticosteroids during pregnancy should be carefully observed for signs of hypoadrenalism.

Nursing Mothers

Systemically administered corticosteroids appear in human milk and could suppress growth, interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production, or cause other untoward effects. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from corticosteroids, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

The efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in the pediatric population are based on the well-established course of effect of corticosteroids, which is similar in pediatric and adult populations. Published studies provide evidence of efficacy and safety in pediatric patients for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (patients >2 years of age), and aggressive lymphomas and leukemias (patients >1 month of age). Other indications for pediatric use of corticosteroids, e.g., severe asthma and wheezing, are based on adequate and well-controlled trials conducted in adults, on the premises that the course of the diseases and their pathophysiology are considered to be substantially similar in both populations.

The adverse effects of corticosteroids in pediatric patients are similar to those in adults (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Like adults, pediatric patients should be carefully observed with frequent measurements of blood pressure, weight, height, intraocular pressure, and clinical evaluation for the presence of infection, psychosocial disturbances, thromboembolism, peptic ulcers, cataracts, and osteoporosis. Pediatric patients who are treated with corticosteroids by any route, including systemically administered corticosteroids, may experience a decrease in their growth velocity. This negative impact of corticosteroids on growth has been observed at low systemic doses and in the absence of laboratory evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression (i.e., cosyntropin stimulation and basal cortisol plasma levels). Growth velocity may therefore be a more sensitive indicator of systemic corticosteroid exposure in pediatric patients than some commonly used tests of HPA axis function. The linear growth of pediatric patients treated with corticosteroids should be monitored, and the potential growth effects of prolonged treatment should be weighed against clinical benefits obtained and the availability of treatment alternatives. In order to minimize the potential growth effects of corticosteroids, pediatric patients should be titrated to the lowest effective dose.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. In particular, the increased risk of diabetes mellitus, fluid retention and hypertension in elderly patients treated with corticosteroids should be considered.

Adverse Reactions

(listed alphabetically, under each subsection)

The following adverse reactions have been reported with prednisone or other corticosteroids:

Allergic Reactions

anaphylactoid or hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylaxis, angioedema.

Cardiovascular System

bradycardia, cardiac arrest, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac enlargement, circulatory collapse, congestive heart failure, ECG changes caused by potassium deficiency, edema, fat embolism, hypertension or aggravation of hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in premature infants, myocardial rupture following recent myocardial infarction (see WARNINGS: Cardio-Renal), necrotizing angiitis, pulmonary edema, syncope, tachycardia, thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis, vasculitis.

Dermatologic

acne, acneiform eruptions, allergic dermatitis, alopecia, angioedema, angioneurotic edema, atrophy and thinning of skin, dry scaly skin, ecchymoses and petechiae (bruising), erythema, facial edema, hirsutism, impaired wound healing, increased sweating, Karposi’s sarcoma (see PRECAUTIONS: General Precautions), lupus erythematosus-like lesions, perineal irritation, purpura, rash, striae, subcutaneous fat atrophy, suppression of reactions to skin tests, striae, telangiectasis, thin fragile skin, thinning scalp hair, urticaria.

Endocrine

Adrenal insufficiency-greatest potential caused by high potency glucocorticoids with long duration of action (associated symptoms include; arthralgias, buffalo hump, dizziness, life-threatening hypotension, nausea, severe tiredness or weakness), amenorrhea, postmenopausal bleeding or other menstrual irregularities, decreased carbohydrate and glucose tolerance, development of cushingoid state, diabetes mellitus (new onset or manifestations of latent), glycosuria, hyperglycemia, hypertrichosis, hyperthyroidism (see WARNINGS: Endocrine), hypothyroidism, increased requirements for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetics, lipids abnormal, moon face, negative nitrogen balance caused by protein catabolism, secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsiveness (particularly in times of stress, as in trauma, surgery or illness) (see WARNINGS: Endocrine), suppression of growth in pediatric patients.

Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances

congestive heart failure in susceptible patients, fluid retention, hypokalemia, hypokalemic alkalosis, metabolic alkalosis, hypotension or shock-like reaction, potassium loss, sodium retention with resulting edema.

Gastrointestinal

abdominal distention, abdominal pain, anorexia which may result in weight loss, constipation, diarrhea, elevation in serum liver enzyme levels (usually reversible upon discontinuation), gastric irritation, hepatomegaly, increased appetite and weight gain, nausea, oropharyngeal candidiasis, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer with possible perforation and hemorrhage, perforation of the small and large intestine (particularly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease), ulcerative esophagitis, vomiting.

Hematologic

anemia, neutropenia (including febrile neutropenia).

Metabolic

negative nitrogen balance due to protein catabolism.

Musculoskeletal

arthralgias, aseptic necrosis of femoral and humeral heads, increase risk of fracture, loss of muscle mass, muscle weakness, myalgias, osteopenia, osteoporosis (see PRECAUTIONS: Musculoskeletal), pathologic fracture of long bones, steroid myopathy, tendon rupture (particularly of the Achilles tendon), vertebral compression fractures.

Neurological/Psychiatric

amnesia, anxiety, benign intracranial hypertension, convulsions, delirium, dementia (characterized by deficits in memory retention, attention, concentration, mental speed and efficiency, and occupational performance), depression, dizziness, EEG abnormalities, emotional instability and irritability, euphoria, hallucinations, headache, impaired cognition, incidence of severe psychiatric symptoms, increased intracranial pressure with papilledema (pseudotumor cerebri) usually following discontinuation of treatment, increased motor activity, insomnia, ischemic neuropathy, long-term memory loss, mania, mood swings, neuritis, neuropathy, paresthesia, personality changes, psychiatric disorders including steroid psychoses or aggravation of pre-existing psychiatric conditions, restlessness, schizophrenia, verbal memory loss, vertigo, withdrawn behavior.

Ophthalmic

blurred vision, cataracts (including posterior subcapsular cataracts), central serous chorioretinopathy, establishment of secondary bacterial, fungal and viral infections, exophthalmos, glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure (see PRECAUTIONS: Ophthalmic), optic nerve damage, papilledema.

Other

abnormal fat deposits, aggravation/masking of infections, decreased resistance to infection (see WARNINGS: Infection), hiccups, immunosuppression, increased or decreased motility and number of spermatozoa, malaise, insomnia, moon face, pyrexia.

Prednisone Tablets Dosage and Administration

Gastric irritation may be reduced if taken before, during, or immediately after meals or with food or milk.

The maximal activity of the adrenal cortex is between 2 am and 8 am, and it is minimal between 4 pm and midnight. Exogenous corticosteroids suppress adrenocorticoid activity the least when given at the time of maximal activity (am) for single dose administration. Therefore, it is recommended that prednisone be administered in the morning prior to 9 am and when large doses are given, administration of antacids between meals to help prevent peptic ulcers. Multiple dose therapy should be evenly distributed in evenly spaced intervals throughout the day.

Dietary salt restriction may be advisable in patients.

Do not stop taking this medicine without first talking to your doctor. Avoid abrupt withdraw of therapy.

The initial dosage of Prednisone Tablets may vary from 5 mg to 60 mg per day, depending on the specific disease entity being treated. In situations of less severity lower doses will generally suffice, while in selected patients higher initial doses may be required. The initial dosage should be maintained or adjusted until a satisfactory response is noted. If after a reasonable period of time there is a lack of satisfactory clinical response, PredniSONE should be discontinued and the patient transferred to other appropriate therapy. IT SHOULD BE EMPHASIZED THAT DOSAGE REQUIREMENTS ARE VARIABLE AND MUST BE INDIVIDUALIZED ON THE BASIS OF THE DISEASE UNDER TREATMENT AND THE RESPONSE OF THE PATIENT. After a favorable response is noted, the proper maintenance dosage should be determined by decreasing the initial drug dosage in small increments at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dosage which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. It should be kept in mind that constant monitoring is needed in regard to drug dosage. Included in the situations which may make dosage adjustments necessary are changes in clinical status secondary to remissions or exacerbations in the disease process, the patient's individual drug responsiveness, and the effect of patient exposure to stressful situations not directly related to the disease entity under treatment; in this latter situation, it may be necessary to increase the dosage of PredniSONE for a period of time consistent with the patient's condition. If after long-term therapy the drug is to be stopped, it is recommended that it be withdrawn gradually rather than abruptly.

Multiple Sclerosis

In the treatment of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis daily doses of 200 mg of prednisolone for a week followed by 80 mg every other day for 1 month have been shown to be effective. (Dosage range is the same for prednisone and prednisolone.)

Alternate Day Therapy

Alternate day therapy is a corticosteroid dosing regimen in which twice the usual daily dose of corticoid is administered every other morning. The purpose of this mode of therapy is to provide the patient requiring long-term pharmacologic dose treatment with the beneficial effects of corticoids while minimizing certain undesirable effects, including pituitary-adrenal suppression, the Cushingoid state, corticoid withdrawal symptoms, and growth suppression in children.

The rationale for this treatment schedule is based on two major premises: (a) the anti-inflammatory or therapeutic effect of corticoids persists longer than their physical presence and metabolic effects and (b) administration of the corticosteroid every other morning allows for re-establishment of more nearly normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity on the off-steroid day.

A brief review of the HPA physiology may be helpful in understanding this rationale. Acting primarily through the hypothalamus a fall in free cortisol stimulates the pituitary gland to produce increasing amounts of corticotropin (ACTH) while a rise in free cortisol inhibits ACTH secretion. Normally the HPA system is characterized by diurnal (circadian) rhythm. Serum levels of ACTH rise from a low point about 10 pm to a peak level about 6 am. Increasing levels of ACTH stimulate adrenocortical activity resulting in a rise in plasma cortisol with maximal levels occurring between 2 am and 8 am. This rise in cortisol dampens ACTH production and in turn adrenocortical activity. There is a gradual fall in plasma corticoids during the day with lowest levels occurring about midnight.

The diurnal rhythm of the HPA axis is lost in Cushing's disease, a syndrome of adrenocortical hyperfunction characterized by obesity with centripetal fat distribution, thinning of the skin with easy bruisability, muscle wasting with weakness, hypertension, latent diabetes, osteoporosis, electrolyte imbalance, etc. The same clinical findings of hyperadrenocorticism may be noted during long-term pharmacologic dose corticoid therapy administered in conventional daily divided doses. It would appear, then, that a disturbance in the diurnal cycle with maintenance of elevated corticoid values during the night may play a significant role in the development of undesirable corticoid effects. Escape from these constantly elevated plasma levels for even short periods of time may be instrumental in protecting against undesirable pharmacologic effects.

During conventional pharmacologic dose corticosteroid therapy, ACTH production is inhibited with subsequent suppression of cortisol production by the adrenal cortex. Recovery time for normal HPA activity is variable depending upon the dose and duration of treatment. During this time the patient is vulnerable to any stressful situation. Although it has been shown that there is considerably less adrenal suppression following a single morning dose of prednisolone (10 mg) as opposed to a quarter of that dose administered every 6 hours, there is evidence that some suppressive effect on adrenal activity may be carried over into the following day when pharmacologic doses are used. Further, it has been shown that a single dose of certain corticosteroids will produce adrenocortical suppression for two or more days. Other corticoids, including methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, prednisone, and prednisolone, are considered to be short acting (producing adrenocortical suppression for 1¼ to 1½ days following a single dose) and thus are recommended for alternate day therapy.

The following should be kept in mind when considering alternate day therapy:

Basic principles and indications for corticosteroid therapy should apply. The benefits of alternate day therapy should not encourage the indiscriminate use of steroids.

Alternate day therapy is a therapeutic technique primarily designed for patients in whom long-term pharmacologic corticoid therapy is anticipated.

In less severe disease processes in which corticoid therapy is indicated, it may be possible to initiate treatment with alternate day therapy. More severe disease states usually will require daily divided high dose therapy for initial control of the disease process. The initial suppressive dose level should be continued until satisfactory clinical response is obtained, usually four to ten days in the case of many allergic and collagen diseases. It is important to keep the period of initial suppressive dose as brief as possible particularly when subsequent use of alternate day therapy is intended. Once control has been established, two courses are available: (a) change to alternate day therapy and then gradually reduce the amount of corticoid given every other day or (b) following control of the disease process reduce the daily dose of corticoid to the lowest effective level as rapidly as possible and then change over to an alternate day schedule. Theoretically, course (a) may be preferable.

Because of the advantages of alternate day therapy, it may be desirable to try patients on this form of therapy who have been on daily corticoids for long periods of time (e.g., patients with rheumatoid arthritis). Since these patients may already have a suppressed HPA axis, establishing them on alternate day therapy may be difficult and not always successful. However, it is recommended that regular attempts be made to change them over. It may be helpful to triple or even quadruple the daily maintenance dose and administer this every other day rather than just doubling the daily dose if difficulty is encountered. Once the patient is again controlled, an attempt should be made to reduce this dose to a minimum.

As indicated above, certain corticosteroids, because of their prolonged suppressive effect on adrenal activity, are not recommended for alternate day therapy (e.g., dexamethasone and betamethasone).

The maximal activity of the adrenal cortex is between 2 am and 8 am, and it is minimal between 4 pm and midnight. Exogenous corticosteroids suppress adrenocortical activity the least, when given at the time of maximal activity (am).

In using alternate day therapy it is important, as in all therapeutic situations to individualize and tailor the therapy to each patient. Complete control of symptoms will not be possible in all patients. An explanation of the benefits of alternate day therapy will help the patient to understand and tolerate the possible flare-up in symptoms which may occur in the latter part of the off-steroid day. Other symptomatic therapy may be added or increased at this time if needed.

In the event of an acute flare-up of the disease process, it may be necessary to return to a full suppressive daily divided corticoid dose for control. Once control is again established alternate day therapy may be re-instituted.

Although many of the undesirable features of corticosteroid therapy can be minimized by alternate day therapy, as in any therapeutic situation, the physician must carefully weigh the benefit-risk ratio for each patient in whom corticoid therapy is being considered.

How is Prednisone Tablets Supplied

Prednisone Tablets are available in the following strengths and package sizes:

1 mg (white, round, flat-faced, beveled edge, scored, debossed “5084” on one side and debossed “V” on the reverse side)

Bottles of 10 NDC 0603-5335-10

Bottles of 100 NDC 0603-5335-21

Bottles of 500 NDC 0603-5335-28

Bottles of 1000 NDC 0603-5335-32

2.5 mg (white, round, flat-faced, beveled edge, scored, debossed “5085” on one side and debossed “V” on the reverse side)

Bottles of 10 NDC 0603-5336-10

Bottles of 100 NDC 0603-5336-21

Bottles of 500 NDC 0603-5336-28

Bottles of 1000 NDC 0603-5336-32

5 mg (white, round, scored, debossed “5094” on one side and debossed “V” on the reverse side)

Bottles of 100

Thursday, 29 September 2016

Ingredient matches for Limonata

Ingredient matches for Ethambutol Milve

Wednesday, 28 September 2016

Ingredient matches for Ulsal

Ingredient matches for Benicar HCT

Ingredient matches for Dintoina

Ingredient matches for Valprodura

Ingredient matches for Serviclor

Tuesday, 27 September 2016

Ingredient matches for Exterol

Ingredient matches for Dicodin

Ingredient matches for Oxid De Zinc

Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets are used for:

Do NOT use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets if:

Before using Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets:

How to use Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets:

Important safety information:

Possible side effects of Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets:

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

General information:

More Griseofulvin resources

Compare Griseofulvin with other medications

Ingredient matches for Dinoprost Tromethamine

Scheme

ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification)

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

Chemical Formula

Molecular Weight

Therapeutic Categories

Chemical Name

Foreign Names

Generic Names

Brand Names

Commonly used brand name(s)

Uses For Pyregesic-C

Before Using Pyregesic-C

Allergies

Pediatric

Geriatric

Pregnancy

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Other Medical Problems

Proper Use of acetaminophen and codeine

Dosing

Missed Dose

Storage

Precautions While Using Pyregesic-C

Pyregesic-C Side Effects

More Pyregesic-C resources

Compare Pyregesic-C with other medications

Monday, 26 September 2016

What is immune globulin intravenous (IVIG)?

What is the most important information I should know about immune globulin?

What should I discuss with my health care provider before using immune globulin?

How is immune globulin intravenous given?

What happens if I miss a dose?

What happens if I overdose?

What should I avoid while using immune globulin?

Immune globulin side effects

What other drugs will affect immune globulin?

More Sandoglobulin resources

Compare Sandoglobulin with other medications

Where can I get more information?

Ingredient matches for Dinoven

Ingredient matches for Dopamin Ebewe

Ingredient matches for Acyclovir Al

Ingredient matches for Foraseq

Ingredient matches for Dormital

Scheme

ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification)

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

Chemical Formula

Molecular Weight

Therapeutic Category

Chemical Name

Foreign Names

Generic Names